A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue that forms on the inner lining of a hollow organ, such as the colon, uterus, cervix, or small intestine. These growths can vary in size and shape and are often detected on ultrasound.

Uterine polyps can develop spontaneously or due to elevated estrogen levels, though the exact cause remains unclear. Factors such as obesity, uncontrolled hypertension, and certain medications used to treat breast cancer may increase the risk of developing uterine polyps. While most polyps are benign, those that form in women during or after menopause have a higher potential to become cancerous.

The most common symptom of uterine polyps is bleeding between periods. Other symptoms may include heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, reduced fertility, and bleeding after menopause or during sexual intercourse.

Polyps may resolve without treatment. However if polyps persist or cause significant symptoms, a Hysteroscopy and polypectomy is a simple and short day procedure that can be performed to remove them.

In this blog, we will provide a detailed overview of what this procedure entails including preparation, the procedure itself, and recovery.

What Is A Polypectomy?

A polypectomy is a surgical procedure that is performed to remove polyps. Polyps are a common growth, with studies identifying that people between 40-49 years are most likely to develop uterine polyps. Although polyps are typically benign, they can sometimes be precursors to cancer. This means they are not cancerous at present but have the potential to develop into cancer over time. Therefore, their removal may be recommended for assessment and preventing future complications. If left untreated, polyps can grow to be quite larger, and cause issues such as abnormal bleeding and fertility issues.

How Is It Performed?

This is a minimally invasive procedure that involves the use of a hysteroscope—a long, flexible tube equipped with a light and camera that allows visualisation of the endometrial cavity.

The hysteroscope is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterine cavity.. The camera on the hysteroscope projects images onto a screen, allowing the surgeon to precisely locate and examine the polyp.

Once the polyp is located, small surgical instruments are inserted through the hysteroscope to remove the polyp under vision.

Is It Painful?

Most polypectomies are performed with the patient under a general anaesthesia. It is common to have mild cramping pain post-operatively which is best managed with Paracetamol or NSAIDs. You will be instructed on appropriate pain relief after the procedure.

Possible Complications & Side Effects

While rare, there are some risks associated with a polypectomy procedure. These include:

• Perforation of the uterus which may present as severe pain, bloating and heavy vaginal bleeding. The risk of perforation is less if the procedure is performed under visual guidance of the hysteroscope at all times.
• Infection which may present as fever or chills
• Incomplete removal

Aftercare & Recovery

Recovery from a polypectomy is generally straightforward. Most individuals returning to their regular activities quickly. However, it is common to experience some mild pain, or cramping and vaginal bleeding in the few days after the procedure.

Many of these symptoms can often be managed effectively with the pain-relieving medication prescribed by your doctor.

After the procedure, the removed polyp will be sent to a lab for analysis. At your follow-up appointment, your doctor will discuss the results with you and organise any further treatment if necessary.

Key Takeaways

Understanding the preparation, procedure, and recovery aspects can help you approach the process with confidence and ease.

If you have concerns about polyps, it is essential to consult with a skilled specialist who can provide personalised care and guidance. Dr. Nargis Noori, a distinguished Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, brings extensive clinical experience and a specialisation in minimally invasive and advanced laparoscopic and hysteroscopic surgery. Her expertise ensures that each patient receives the highest standard of care that is tailored to their health needs.

Contact Dr. Nargis Noori today to discuss your options and receive expert advice on your healthcare needs.